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| CASE REPORT |
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| Year : 2021 | Volume
: 22
| Issue : 1 | Page : 52-55 |
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Norwegian (Crusted) Scabies Involving Eyelids and Conjunctiva
Iva Rani Kalita, Harsh Vardhan Singh
M.S., Ophthalmology, Clinical Fellow, Aravind Eye Care System, Puducherry, India
| Date of Submission | 29-Apr-2020 |
| Date of Decision | 04-May-2020 |
| Date of Acceptance | 07-Jul-2020 |
| Date of Web Publication | 31-Dec-2020 |
Correspondence Address:
Iva Rani Kalita
Room No. 6, Ladies PG Hostel, Aravind Eye Hospital, Cuddalore Main Road, Thavalakuppam, Puducherry - 605 007
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/ijpd.IJPD_61_20
Scabies is a parasitosis caused by the mite sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, with crusted scabies being more contagious than classic scabies because of a larger mite burden. It can lead to an epidemic of classic scabies if not diagnosed early and treated accordingly. We report a 10-year-old boy who presented with a complaint of an inability to open his left eye and irritation in the right eye. Examination showed the presence of multiple crusted lesions throughout the body, including face and eyelids, and a yellowish patch in the right bulbar conjunctiva. The histopathological evaluation of the specimen of the conjunctival lesion confirmed it to be sarcoptes infestation. Face and eyelids involvement are very rarely in crusted scabies and only a few cases have been reported in the past. Our report demonstrates conjunctiva as an unusual site of involvement in these cases.
Keywords: Crusted scabies, Norwegian scabies, ocular manifestation, sarcoptes scabei
How to cite this article:
Kalita IR, Singh HV. Norwegian (Crusted) Scabies Involving Eyelids and Conjunctiva. Indian J Paediatr Dermatol 2021;22:52-5 |
How to cite this URL:
Kalita IR, Singh HV. Norwegian (Crusted) Scabies Involving Eyelids and Conjunctiva. Indian J Paediatr Dermatol [serial online] 2021 [cited 2021 Apr 20];22:52-5. Available from: https://www.ijpd.in/text.asp?2021/22/1/52/305812 |
| Introduction | |  |
Crusted scabies is a rare, severe form of scabies characterized by generalized thick, scaly, and erythematous plaques with or without itching and it is common in immunosuppressed, chronically debilitated individuals belonging to extremes of ages.[1] However unlike the classical forms, the crusted scabies resembles other dermatological conditions such as psoriasis, and delay in the diagnosis may lead to a scabies epidemic.[2],[3] The WHO review collated data from 18 prevalence studies between 1971 and 2001, have reported a scabies prevalence ranging between 0.2% and 24%.[4] However, the prevalence of crusted scabies is comparatively very low and usually spare face and eyelid involvement. Only few cases of crusted scabies with eyelids and conjunctiva have been reported in the past.[5],[6]
This case report was approved by the institutional ethics committee. The study and picture collection were compliant with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
| Case Report | | |
A 10-year-old boy who presented with complaint of inability to open his left eye and right eye irritation for the past 4 days. Mother had a history of similar eruptions over forearms for the past 7 days but less severe. No other family member was affected. Ocular examination showed multiple large yellowish-white crusting lesions completely covering LE upper and lower lids causing disfigurement of the lids and adnexa [Figure 1] and [Figure 2]. RE showed a small patchy yellowish lesion (3 mm × 4 mm) in nasal bulbar conjunctiva [Figure 3]. The rest of the anterior segment was normal in both eyes. The systemic evaluation showed the presence of multiple large crusted scaly skin eruptions involving the face, neck, palm, shoulder, extensor aspect of elbows, and both lids [Figure 4]. Conjunctival scraping was obtained using a wet swab and sent for histopathological examination along with the scraped lids lesions. KOH mount under high magnification (×40) demonstrated sarcoptid mites confirming the diagnosis [Figure 5]. Routine investigations showed anemia, hypoproteinemia, low serum electrolytes levels. Based on the clinical findings and laboratory confirmation of conjunctival scrapping diagnosis of crusted scabies with conjunctival and lids involvement was made. The patient was admitted and oral ivermectin 6 mg was given as a stat dose and then repeated on day 3 and day 7, along with topical 5% permethrin and emollient for local application from dermatology. Injection ceftriaxone 750 mg was also started as prophylaxis. The patient on third-week follow-up showed complete resolution of conjunctival and skin lesions with scarring over the affected areas of the skin [Figure 6]. | Figure 2: Excoriated area over eyelids following scrapping off the crusted material
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 | Figure 3: Black arrow showing the conjunctival area of involvement from which biopsy was taken
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 | Figure 5: KOH mount of conjunctival scrapping showing sarcoptes scabiei under high (×40) magnification
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 | Figure 6: At third-week follow-up showed complete resolution of conjunctival and skin lesions with residual skin scar
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| Discussion | | |
Crusted scabies is a rare variant of scabies presenting as hyperinfestation of Sarcoptes scabiei and commonly acts as a source for the epidemic outbreak of classic scabies in overcrowded population. Unlike classical scabies, Norwegain Scabies usually presents as acute onset of hyperkeratotic lesions, especially involving the palm, sole, head, and scalp area, which are usually spared in classical form of scabies. In spite of the involvement of the head and scalp area in crusted Scabies, the face is spared in these cases.[7] Involvement of the eye and adnexal structures in crusted scabies is very rare. As per auhor knowledge, only two cases of crusted scabies with conjunctival involvement were reported in the past.[5],[6] Furthermore, very few cases of Norwegian scabies involving children have been reported in the past [Table 1].[4],[8],[9],[10],[11] | Table 1: Illustrating cases of crusted scabies in children with immune status and various body parts affected
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Our case had a severe form of crusted scabies with involvement both lids and right bulbar conjunctiva and responded drastically with scabicidal drugs and topical medications for systemic and ocular manifestation, respectively.
| Conclusion | | |
Crusted scabies although is a very rare form of scabies but because of its resemblance to other skin lesions and its role as a source of scabies outbreak, prompt diagnosis, and intervention is required. Based on the earlier published reports and the findings of the present case, it is important for ophthalmologists to have a knowledge about the condition and should also look for any intraocular involvements in severe cases.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form of the patient being a minor, his father has given the consent for his images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients and his parents understands that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References | | |
| 1. | Parish LC, Lomholt G. Crusted scabies: Alias Norwegian scabies. Int J Dermatol 1976;15:747-8.  |
| 2. | Jucowics P, Ramon ME, Don PC, Stone RK, Bamji M. Norwegian scabies in an infant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Dermatol 1989;125:1670-1. |
| 3. | Dia D, Dieng MT, Ndiaye AM, Ndiaye B, Develoux M. Crusted scabies in Dakar apropos of 11 cases seen in a year. Dakar Med 1999;44:243-5. |
| 4. | Roberts LJ, Huffam SE, Walton SF, Currie BJ. Crusted scabies: Clinical and immunological findings in seventy-eight patients and a review of the literature. J Infect 2005;50:375-81. |
| 5. | Eckmann, Konings. A case of scabies of the lids and irritation of the conjunctiva. Am J Ophthalmol 1922;5:243-44. |
| 6. | Kurokawa H, Yano Y, Nakatsuka K. A case of scabies infection in the cornea and conjunctiva. Fol Ophthalmol Jpn 1997;48:754-56. |
| 7. | Nakamura E, Taniguchi H, Ohtaki N. A case of crusted scabies with a bullous pemphigoid-like eruption and nail involvement. J Dermatol 2006;33:196-201. |
| 8. | Gladstone HB, Darmstadt GL. Crusted scabies in an immunocompetent child: Treatment with ivermectin. Pediatr Dermatol 2000;17:144-8. |
| 9. | Patel A, Hogan P, Walder B. Crusted scabies in two immunocompromised children: Successful treatment with oral ivermectin. Australas J Dermatol 1999;40:37-40. |
| 10. | Khatoon N, Khan A, Azmi MA, Khan A, Shaukat SS. Report - Most common body parts infected with scabies in children and its control. Pak J Pharm Sci 2016;29:1715-7. |
| 11. | Leung AKC, Leong KF, Lam JM. Pruritic Crusted Scabies in an Immunocompetent Infant. Case Reports in Pediatrics. 2019 ;2019:9542857. DOI: 10.1155/2019/9542857. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4], [Figure 5], [Figure 6]
[Table 1]
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